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''Borodino'' ((ロシア語:Бородино)) was the lead ship of her class of pre-dreadnought battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy although she was the second ship of her class to be completed. Named after the 1812 Battle of Borodino, the ship was completed after the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. ''Borodino'' was assigned to the Second Pacific Squadron sent to the Far East a few months after her completion to break the Japanese blockade of Port Arthur. The Japanese captured the port while the squadron was in transit and their destination was changed to Vladivostok. The ship was sunk during the Battle of Tsushima on 27 May 1905 due to explosions set off by a Japanese shell hitting a magazine. There was only one survivor from her crew of 855 officers and enlisted men. ==Description== ''Borodino'' was long at the waterline and long overall, with a beam of and a draft of , more than designed. Her normal displacement was , over more than her designed displacement of . Her intended crew consisted of 28 officers and 754 enlisted men, although she usually carried 826–46 crewmen in service.〔McLaughlin, p. 136〕 The ship was powered by two four-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving one three-bladed propeller, using steam generated by 20 Belleville boilers. Unlike her sisters, the engines and boilers were both built by the Franco-Russian Works and the boilers provided steam to the engines at a pressure of . The engines were rated at and designed to reach a top speed of . They produced, however, only on her builder's sea trials on 23 August 1904 and gave an average speed of . At full load she carried of coal that provided her a range of at a speed of .〔McLaughlin, pp. 137, 144〕 ''Borodino''s 40-caliber 12-inch guns were mounted in two twin-turrets, one each fore and aft. They had a rate of fire of about one round per 90 seconds. Sixty rounds per gun were carried. The twelve 45-caliber guns were mounted in six electrically powered twin-gun turrets carried on the upper deck. They had a practical rate of fire of approximately three rounds per minute and were provided with 180 rounds per gun. Four of the twenty guns used against torpedo boats were mounted in casemates just below the forward main gun turret, two on each side. These guns were placed well above the waterline for use in any weather, unlike the remaining sixteen guns, which were mounted in casemates one deck lower and distributed over the length of the ship, close to the water. The unsuitability of the lower deck guns was graphically demonstrated when ''Borodino''s sister ship made a high-speed turn during her trials, heeling 15°, and began taking water through the lower casemates. Each gun had 300 rounds available. The ship also mounted twenty Hotchkiss guns for anti-torpedo boat defense. ''Borodino'' carried four torpedo tubes, one each above water in the bow and in the stern, and a submerged tube on each side forward.〔McLaughlin, p. 142〕 The ship's waterline armor belt consisted of Krupp armor and was thick. The armor of her gun turrets had a maximum thickness of and her deck ranged from in thickness. The armored lower deck curved downwards to her double bottom and formed an anti-torpedo bulkhead.〔McLaughlin, pp. 136–37〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian battleship Borodino」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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